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Israel’s parliament on March 30, 2026 passed legislation making death by hanging the default sentence for Palestinians convicted in West Bank military courts of deadly, nationalist-motivated attacks.
The bill, backed by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and championed by far-right National Security Minister Itamar Ben‑Gvir, passed 62-48.
It sets execution by hanging within 90 days of sentencing (with limited postponement to 180 days), allows life imprisonment only in unspecified “special circumstances,” and is not retroactive.
In civilian courts the law permits either the death penalty or life sentences for those judged to have acted with the intent of “ending Israel’s existence,” language critics say effectively excludes most Jewish perpetrators.
The measure drew immediate legal challenges from Israeli rights groups, protests across the occupied West Bank and Gaza, condemnation from international bodies and rights organisations including the EU, Amnesty and U.N. experts, and calls by Palestinian militant groups for retaliation.
Implementation could be delayed by petitions to Israel’s Supreme Court and has raised concerns about its legality under international law.
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