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Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh/UPMC reported early-stage clinical trial results showing donor-derived regulatory dendritic cells can prime recipients’ immune systems to accept living-donor liver grafts without lifelong immunosuppression.
The Phase I/IIa study, published in Nature Communications on April 17–18, 2026, enrolled 13 living-liver transplant recipients who received an infusion of dendritic regulatory cells derived from donor monocytes one week before surgery.
One year after transplant, eight patients were eligible for stepwise withdrawal of anti-rejection drugs; four achieved complete withdrawal and three have remained off immunosuppression for more than three years.
Investigators describe the approach as feasible and preliminarily safe, with a 37.5% withdrawal success among those eligible versus roughly 13–16% historically.
Authors and commentators caution the trial was small and not randomized, and they call for larger controlled studies to confirm efficacy, optimize timing and regimens, and evaluate use with deceased donors or alternative immunosuppressant protocols.






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