A large randomized trial presented at the 2026 ASCO meeting found that skipping completion axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) after a positive sentinel lymph node biopsy is noninferior for overall survival in selected breast cancer patients. The SENOMAC trial randomized 2,766 patients (2,540 evaluable) with clinically node‑negative T1–T3 tumors and one or two sentinel node macrometastases across hospitals in Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Greece and Italy. After a median follow‑up of about 60 months, 5‑year overall survival was 94.4% with omission versus 93.4% with completion ALND (hazard ratio 0.84), meeting noninferiority. Most participants received regional nodal radiotherapy. Omitting ALND substantially reduced arm morbidity: severe arm physical‑function problems at five years were far less common (3.6% vs. 12.6%). Completion ALND did detect additional nodal disease in roughly one‑third of cases. The trial included patients undergoing mastectomy and some with larger (T3) tumors, broadening applicability. Investigators from Karolinska Institute (lead author Jana de Boniface) noted ongoing trials (T‑REX, SENOMAC‑ULTRA) to evaluate the role of nodal radiotherapy and other subgroups.

A large international trial led by University College London (OPTIMA) found a genomic test can safely identify many people with hormone‑sensitive breast cancer who do not benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. The study enrolled 4,429 patients aged 40 and over across the UK, Norway, Sweden, Australia, New Zealand and Thailand and used Veracyte’s Prosigna test, which measures the activity of 50 genes. More than two‑thirds (68%) of participants had a low Prosigna score and were treated with hormone therapy alone; five‑year recurrence‑free survival was 94.8% for those given chemotherapy plus hormone therapy versus 93.6% for those treated with hormone therapy alone. Investigators say the difference is within predefined limits for non‑inferiority. Results will be presented at the American Society of Clinical Oncology meeting in Chicago. Researchers estimate the approach could spare more than 5,000 NHS patients chemotherapy each year. Findings do not yet apply to people under 40 and numbers of men in the trial were too small for firm conclusions.

The phase III frontMIND trial presented at the 2026 ASCO annual meeting found that adding tafasitamab (Monjuvi) and lenalidomide (Revlimid) to standard R‑CHOP chemotherapy reduced the risk of progression or death by 25% versus R‑CHOP alone in 899 adults with newly diagnosed high‑risk diffuse large B‑cell lymphoma (DLBCL) or high‑grade B‑cell lymphoma (HGBL). At a median follow‑up of 35.2 months the hazard ratio for progression‑free survival (PFS) was 0.75 (95% CI 0.59–0.96, P=0.0194); 2‑year PFS was 71.1% versus 62.9% and 3‑year PFS 67.3% versus 60.7%. Event‑free survival also improved (HR 0.79, P=0.0260). Interim overall survival trended favorably (HR 0.85) but was not statistically significant. Complete response rates were similar (65.2% each) and overall response rate favored the combination (80.4% vs 76.1%). Grade ≥3 treatment‑emergent adverse events were higher with the triplet (86.7% vs 76.1%), with more cytopenias, infections and treatment discontinuations in the experimental arm. Investigators said the benefit was consistent across molecular subtypes and could support regulatory applications to make the combination a new frontline option for high‑risk patients.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration on May 29, 2026 approved an expanded label for MannKind Corporation’s rapid‑acting inhaled insulin Afrezza for pediatric patients aged six and older with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. The decision, based on the phase 3 INHALE‑1 trial (230 children, randomized, 26 weeks plus extension), relied on a prespecified sensitivity analysis showing noninferiority in HbA1c among children who completed and used inhaled insulin as directed. Afrezza uses MannKind’s Technosphere platform — ultra‑small FDKP particles that deliver insulin to the lungs in a two‑second breath, with systemic uptake within about one minute, peak action at 35–45 minutes and duration of roughly 1.5–3 hours. The product was already approved for adults in 2014. Company shares rose about 6% after the news and MannKind said eligible patients can access Afrezza for about $35 or less per month. Regulators and investigators note safety caveats: potential for sudden lung problems, contraindications for smokers and not for treating diabetic ketoacidosis; Type 1 patients still require basal insulin.

President Donald Trump on May 29 signed an executive order directing the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) scientific assessment on childhood immunisations to be used as a federal guide and instructing the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and its Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) to review that assessment and clinical data. The HHS paper, issued in January under Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr., concluded the United States recommends more childhood vaccines than many peer nations and informed a CDC guidance earlier this year that reduced the routine schedule from 17 to 11 vaccines. The assessment and subsequent CDC changes recommended limiting routine shots for some illnesses — including hepatitis A and B, meningococcal disease, rotavirus, influenza, COVID-19 and RSV — to high‑risk groups. The White House said the order aims to align the U.S. schedule with “peer, developed countries” while preserving vaccine access and parental flexibility. The policy has provoked sharp criticism from medical groups, state attorneys general and public health experts and has resulted in litigation and a federal court ruling challenging aspects of the new process.