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Researchers led by Maya Bach and Jennifer Jacquet published a PLOS Climate paper on April 22, 2026, analysing 1,233 environmental claims from 33 of the world’s largest meat and dairy companies across 2021–2024.
Using a validated greenwashing framework, the team found 98% of claims were deceptive or misleading; 68% were climate‑related, only 356 (29%) had company‑provided supporting evidence, and scholarly literature backed just three claims.
Seventeen companies now hold net‑zero pledges, but these largely rely on offsets rather than direct emissions reductions.
The authors highlight token initiatives — a regenerative pilot covering 24 farms (0.0019% of operations) and trivial packaging tweaks — that contrast with the sector’s disproportionate emissions role: animal agriculture accounts for at least 16.5% of global greenhouse gases and a large share of food‑system emissions.
The paper warns that vague, unverifiable promises risk misleading consumers and policymakers and may delay substantive action needed to meet climate targets.







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